Has it ever occurred to you that we can integrate using matrix representations? If not, prepare to have your mind blown.
It works as follows: invert the matrix representation of the differentiation operator with respect to a clever choice of a basis and then apply the inverse of the operator to the function we wish to integrate.
Here's an example. Say we want to evaluate \int e^{ax}\cos bx\;dx. Consider the basis B=\{e^{ax}\cos bx,e^{ax}\sin bx\}. Now differentiate each basis element with respect to x: \dfrac{d}{dx}e^{ax}\cos bx=ae^{ax}\cos bx-be^{ax}\sin{bx}\\ \dfrac{d}{dx}e^{ax}\sin bx=ae^{ax}\sin bx+be^{ax}\cos{bx}. The matrix representation of the differential operator is thus T=\begin{pmatrix}a & b\\ -b & a\end{pmatrix}. To evaluate the given integral, we can calculate T^{-1}\begin{pmatrix}1\\0\end{pmatrix}=\dfrac{1}{a^2+b^2}\begin{pmatrix}a\\b \end{pmatrix}_B As a result, \int e^{ax}\cos bx\;dx=\dfrac{a}{a^2+b^2}e^{ax}\cos bx+\dfrac{b}{a^2+b^2}e^{ax}\sin bx. Note that there are elementary ways of evaluating this integral, but isn't this method amazing?
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