First Order Linear Differential Equations:
1. Separating variables
Example 1:
\dfrac{dy}{dx}=f(y)\\
\dfrac{dy}{f(y)}=dx\\
\int \dfrac{dy}{f(y)}=\int dx
Example 2:
\dfrac{dy}{dx}=\dfrac{1}{f(x)f(y)}\\
f(y)dy=\dfrac{dx}{f(x)}\\
\int f(y)dy=\int \dfrac{dx}{f(x)}
2. Integrating factors
To solve equations of the form
a(x)\dfrac{dy}{dx}+b(x)y=c(x)
i. Express in standard form
\dfrac{dy}{dx}+p(x)y=q(x)
ii. Multiply both sides by the integrating factor e^{\int p(x) dx}
iii. \dfrac{d}{dx}(ye^{\int p(x) dx})=q(x)e^{\int p(x) dx}
iv. ye^{\int p(x) dx}=\int q(x)e^{\int p(x) dx}+C
v. Divide both sides by the integrating factor
vi. Use initial conditions to find particular solutions
3. Laplace Transform
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